
                                tγ]m-HOWTO

@̡GGuido Gonzato, [1]guido ``at'' ibogeo.df.unibo.it
]Ķ̡G tchao@worldnet.att.net^

   v1.3.7A 1999~96½ĶG2000~11
     _________________________________________________________________

   sg媺تOnϱz֡Beaոխw˦n Linux tΡC夺
   @ǳ̱`Ϊγn󪺳]mkC
     _________________________________________________________________

1. ɨ

     * 1.1 nsgo HOWTO
     * 1.2 ڭ̱N@ذtm

2. @tγ]w

     * 2.1 wD
     * 2.2 u@x
     * 2.3 L
     * 2.4 ҰʩMϳn
     * 2.5 
     * 2.6 Sendmail
     * 2.7 wLʯ
     * 2.8 }p Zip Ϻо
     * 2.9 ]Xʵ{
     * 2.10 nd
     * 2.11 nH
     * 2.12 DW 
     * 2.13 ƹ]Mouse^
     * 2.14 [m]Mount Points^
     * 2.15 lilo(8) M LOADLIN.EXE
     * 2.16 qll
     * 2.17 L]m
     * 2.18 SVGATextMode 

3. ޲z@u@

     * 3.1 ]m
     * 3.2 ɺں
     * 3.3 s
     * 3.4 NFSX
     * 3.5 WAȾ

4. n]m

     * 4.1 bash(1)
     * 4.2 ls(1)
     * 4.3 less(1)
     * 4.4 emacs(1) 奻s边
     * 4.5 joe(1) 奻s边
     * 4.6 jed(1) 奻s边
     * 4.7 pine(1) l\Ū
     * 4.8 minicom(1)
     * 4.9 efax(1) n
     * 4.10 Ghostscript
     * 4.11 TeX ϥ
     * 4.12 קKPPPD
     * 4.13 POPΤݵ{
     * 4.14 X t (XFree86)
     * 4.15 ϥΪ̪]m
     * 4.16 s@ .rpm
     * 4.17 Upgrading

5. ]mn 

6. 

     * 6.1 v]Ķ̡GOd^
     * 6.2 XN
     * 6.3 KdnDisclaimer
     _________________________________________________________________

1. ɨ

1.1 nsgo HOWTO

   ڦb\h PC Ww˹L Linux tΡAo{ثey檺U Linux ۷
   AP줣KOʤ֤@ǰ򥻳]mɡChγnbw˫᳣iߧY
   ϥΡA ǳnoC٪`NP˪Db c.o.l.setup W@A_
   X{CFɳoدʾѡAìFڭӤHKAڧ@F@ǵOAӥ[Hק
   A ש󦨬o HOWTOC夺]m̱`Ϊ@γnM{Z
   ¬MҡAo`ٱz֮ɶMOC

   夤ҦC@ǹҦɨM_ϥΦ Linux Cثeڥuw Red
   Hat 5.2  Linux tΡA֬O 2.0.36F]pGz Linux OLA
   NOڴѪZ¬ɫߡCLAڴѪk@קA 
   _LAˤ]ëDơC o HOWTO NL HOWTOAӥB]LN
   NL HOWTO C½\ML HOWTO |ϤHqLA]pGz
   Qi@BFѳoMtΡANݶԤ_d½\C~A ]nQbo̥eKy
   GpGzDY譱FѡANЬd HOWTO CAGUsenet 
   [2]news:comp.os.linux.setupOMD Linux tm譱U̦naICڪ
   u@QcAȽФnڸѨMtm譱DC

   oHΤ@½Ķsb [3]http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTOCb
   oӺ}]iڴ쪺ҦL HOWTO C媺̷ssb [4]
   http://ibogeo.df.unibo.it/guido/Configuration

1.2 ڭ̱N@ذtm

   PCwtmchA̧ڪgA@ذtmQMAY˦@ӦE
   TӤΰϡ]@DOS/WindowsϡB@ Linux ϩM@ӥ洫]swap
   partition^ϡ^jeqwLBĥdBƾھBLBLMƹ PC
   CثeA\h PC ٦wˤF ZIP ϺоCo˳]w PC iO
   Windows-Linux ftզtΪ@A@@AȾΡC

   ڰwoǳ]ƬOzn]mwALN]moǳ]ƪkΤ_Pw
   ]DơC~A ٰwzbsոյwɡA㦳rootvC

   naI{bNڭ̱_SlӷFaI

2. @tγ]w

2.1 wD

   b}lҰʨtΤeAӨMwnĥΦدŧOwWdCb@XoM
   weAnNqPsC qwO䭫nDAݩo
    HOWTO Q׽dCLAnFѹqwDiq譱ۤG
   Linux w޲zU] Linux Security Administrator's Guide^ [5]
   http://www.seifried.org/lasg M Linux wU] Linux Security
   Guide^ [6]http://nic.com/ ]ĶGB^妳|^ UCBJG
   Shadow password]Shadow Password HOWTO ^iJ]Section
   [7]iJRestricting Network Access^B ϥ Secure Shell ( [8]
   http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh/) Ψϥ Secure Remote Password ( [9]
   http://srp.stanford.edu/srp/)CznBC

2.2 u@x

   nOҦw˶QATD̦wˤFAɧ@FקAɧ@FM
   C]Abʤ⤧eAӫإߤ@u@xA@ root @
   |ʡFbڪu@xA@`MҦʪtΤɡBW[
   .rpms Mw˪ .tar.gzCzפWA^lHܡAӥiH^_
   ̪lw˪AC

   dUOAbʥtΤ󤧫eAs@ƥCzQO RCSFo˴N
   lܥHҦܡC@ rootAMiHNʨtΦӤ[C

2.3 L

   pbwˮɿ|Fo@BJAΧΤFLLAhݭnG

     * q/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/ALFҦpAit.map NNqj
       QLF
     * s/etc/sysconfig/keyboardɡAϨŪGKEYTABLE="it";
     * ]wLƲvMɶANHUe[ /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
       (Red Hat)  /etc/rc.d/rc.boot (Caldera)  /etc/rc.d/boot
       (S.u.S.E.):

/sbin/kbdrate -s -r 16 -d 500  # or whatever you like --ΨL]wƭ

   nJLAϥ/etc/rc.d/init.d/keytable startOCLSN
   bHUU`A@C

   nb}ɦ۰ʳ]w NumLockAhb/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit[JHUeG

for tty in /dev/tty[1-9]*; do
  setleds -D +num < $tty
done

2.4 ҰʩMϳn

   w˦ntΡAӻs@BTiҰʳnAHƤɤݡCzϥΪ
   Linux iwg]AFs@oسnOA_hiΤUCOG

#
#
]ĶG@̦GѤFJO^

   ~Aܤ֤]ns@LϳnCb [10]
   ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recoveryiUشϳnF p
   GzDέ@ءAګĳzո TomsbtrtC

2.5 

   IMHOA䦸nu@Os̾AXztΪ֡Csu@äxA
   Lצp󳣥ݤ@/usr/src/Linux/READMEɩΤ HOWTO ]Kernel
   HOWTO ^C`NƶG

     * JӷQMݭnqؤu@C@w֡APɧ@Xn׸
       ]patch)AC@@]mνsĶ@֨ӱo٨ơFpG Linux
       @AϥΡApCnѰO⥼ӥi|W[w]Ҧp
       ASCSIBZipMd^sb֤Fq`QμҲլO̦nk
       F
     * pGAq Cyrix AӤֹ復Ah@Xn׸
       AHKqʯCƨG [11]
       http://www.Linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0591.htmlF
     * ϥεOqΤi̹ıĪGCڴgĳ׸ɤ֡A
       SVGATextMode ] [12]SVGATextMode@`^iO̲zQѨMkC
       ױĥΦؿkAb [13]
       http://www.Linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0239.htmliHjЪ֭
       ɳnC
     * ~AnNOq PCMCIA modem/fax d@ҲսsĶFN@
       ֪@sĶA_hAPCMCIA modem NLkB@F
     * pGϥ PCMCIA dAOȥsĶoǼҲաF~ApGϥ PCMCIA 
       dAnѰOק/etc/pcmcia/network.optsF
     * pG̹ܨӦmodprobeHAXTwYǼҲժmAo
       ݭnק/etc/conf.modulesCҦpApGϥipxMappletalkҲաAh
       W[UCG

alias net-pf-4 off
alias net-pf-5 off

     * F`٤UtmMsĶ֪ɶANtm]w@@ӤɧO
       sC`NG pG֤ɯšAhoӰtm]wɥMLΡA]S]t
       s֪UحnC

2.6 Sendmail

   ǨtΪsendmail|ϾbҰʮɰyBTC]GG ]1^
   SPںsF]2^sںAæä[IPa}C

   ߧYѨMĤ@ذDkOTw/etc/hostsUC@G

127.0.0.1   localhost

   yyĤGح]Ob/etc/hostsepU@G

127.0.0.1   localhost   your_host_name

   iNHUG

127.0.0.1    localhost
w.x.y.z      your_host_name

   PɽаѦ [14]Hostname@`

2.7 wLʯ

   pGԷVϥ hdparm(8)N|jj (E)IDE wLʯC]ϥΪ Linux
   S]toӳnAiq [15]
   ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/hardwaredF]kboӺ}W
   @Ӻ٬hdparm-X.Y.tar.gznC

   Ѥ_ϥγoӳn󪺲Ӹ`M_wLM{ǡA]bLkXqh
   CϥΤA i|lΤɨtΡA]ϥΤeAȥԲӾ\Ū man C
   H²檺ҤlӨAb/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinitiW[@AepUG

/sbin/hdparm -c1 /dev/hda  #  -- wĤ@ IDE wL

   o洣ѤF (E)IDE 32-bit I/O C -m ﶵAhdparm@ Mark
   Lord iDڡG

     (...) pGtΤեOeL~~ [< 1997]A@볣SDCpG
     Oª]ơAiण]]\SD^CuoͰDO 2 - 3 ~e
     b 486 M ]^586 OWsxϥΪ CMD0646 M RZ1000 oش
     C

   UC]miϥΤ_̪񪺹qG

/sbin/hdparm -c1 -A1 -m16 -d1 /dev/hda

2.8 }p Zip Ϻо

   Qγ̪񤺮֡]2.x.x^ұaXʵ{ǴNiϥΦ}p Zip ϺоCb]m
   ֮ɡAȥ[˨ϥ SCSI M SCSI ϽL\C`NGLM Zip Ϻ
   @Φ}pɥi|oͽĬA]̦nϥΤּҲճ]mCb [16]
   http://www.torque.net/ W٦@ӥNΪ ppa Xʵ{ǡC

   Zip ϤXɤwg榡ơAά /dev/sda4Cb]w Zip ϺоɡAb
   /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit ɤ[UCeG

# Enable the Zip drive  -- ]w Zip Ϻо
/sbin/modprobe ppa

   Zip Ϥib/etc/fstab[CHUeγqL Mtools b/etc/mtools.conf
   W[UCe[G

drive z: file="/dev/sda4" exclusive

   ~AmzipO]iΤ_uXBd߾pBŪgM[KX_ Zip ϤFԱ
   Ьd\man mzipC Mtools }b [17]http:// Linux
   .wauug.org/pub/knaff/mtoolsC

2.9 ]Xʵ{

   Cb/dev]γsڳ]Xʵ{ǡ^]ƥiäTCˬdƹB
   ھMXʵ{ǹ]ƬAM@XUC]wG

/dev# ln -s ttyS0 mouse; ln -s ttyS1 modem; ln -s hdb cdrom; ln -s sda4 zip

   bhƵOqWAЪ]mO/dev/psauxGb]m X11 NCJ
   {C

   Noǳ]mqL chmod 666 ݩʡAϩҦϥΪ̧iϥγoǳ]
   C

2.10 nd

   ڥu@ind Sound Blaster 16FYϱzndPڪPALUC
   k]i޾ɱzp]mndC

   ڱNndXʵ{ǧ@Ҳ(sb.o)sJ֡CMNUCeC
   J/etc/conf.modulesG

options sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x330
alias sound sb

   nҰndABmodprobe soundAΪ̨ϥ RedHat usndconfigC

2.11 nH

   pn۳]nHAˬd/etc/rc.d/rc.localO_л\/etc/issue
   M/etc/motdeC]RedHat л\e^pݪ֩wAХ}奻s边C

   pnϵnHaCAibrc.localCJUCeG

# put a real escape character instead of ^[. To do this:
# emacs: ^Q ESC   vi: ^V ESC   joe:  ` 0 2 7   jed: ` ESC
ESC="^["  # a real escape character
BLUE="$ESC[44;37m"
NORMAL="$ESC[40;37m"
CLEAR="$ESC[H$ESC[J"

> /etc/issue
echo "$CLEAR" >> /etc/issue
echo "$BLUE   Welcome to MyServer (192.168.1.1)   " >> /etc/issue
echo "$NORMAL " >> /etc/issue
echo "" >> /etc/issue

2.12 DW

   uBhostname new_host_nameO]\CnѨMsendmailDAi
   ĥΤUCBJ]uAΤ_^G

     * s/etc/sysconfig/networkMܨ䤤DW١]
       pnew_host_name.localdomain^F
     * as/etc/HOSTNAMEF
     * NsWsJ/etc/hostsF

127.0.0.1       localhost  new_host_name.locadomain

2.13 ƹ]Mouse^

   gpm ƹ\bDxiŶKܬΡA]ib@ΤϥηƹCb
   Red Hat tΤAˬd_@Ӻ٬/etc/sysconfig/mouse ɡAepU
   G

MOUSETYPE="Microsoft"
XEMU3=yes

   ~Aٱo@/etc/rc.d/init.d/gpmɡA䤤٥i]w@ǫOCڳ]w
   OpUG

...
       daemon gpm -t $MOUSETYPE -d 2 -a 5 -B 132 # two-button mouse -- s

...

   өA䤤]mMoPƹ۲šCbhƵOqA
   MOUSETYPE ] PS/2C

   bCalderatΤAunb/etc/rc.d/rc.boot[JYiG

/usr/bin/gpm

   bS.u.S.E.Ab/etc/rc.config[JgpmFbDebiantΤAhݭק
   /etc/gpm.confC

   pGwCtrlsϥΥDxAhݳ]mgpm-rootCק
   /etc/gpm-root.confw]AMq/etc/rc.d/rc.localҰ gpm-root
   C

2.14 [m]Mount Points^

   KϥΡAnLBL]ƩMNFSXؿ]w[mCҦpAi
   ΤUCkG

/mnt# mkdir floppy; mkdir cdrom; mkdir win; mkdir zip; mkdir server

   ]wF DOS/Win nL]ext2Ϥ^BCD-ROMBWindows ΰϡBf
   Zip XʾM NFS ؿ[mC

   Mק /etc/fstab ɡA}W[UCeG

/dev/fd0        /mnt/floppy     auto            user,noauto 0 1
/dev/cdrom      /mnt/cdrom      iso9660         ro,user,noauto 0 1
/dev/zip        /mnt/zip        vfat            user,noauto,exec 0 1
/dev/hda1       /mnt/win        vfat            user,noauto 0 1
server:/export  /mnt/server     nfs             defaults

   өAĤ@楲ϥΥT]ƦW١C̪o֤wg fat32F
   Heֻݭn׸ɡC׸ɳniq [18]
   http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/fat32.htmloCo譱i
   @BơAid man mountC

   `NĤ@椤autoɨtή榡Foܥi[ ext2 M vfat
   ]DOS/Windows^بtή榡s@ϤCmtools]O۷nΪuC

2.15 lilo(8) M LOADLIN.EXE

   \hϥΪ̦bqWPɹB Linux M DOS/Windows Mާ@tΡAæb}
   ɿΨ䤤@Fobwˮɧ@X]wApGɨS]wA iĨUC
   kѨMCw /dev/hda1˦ DOS/WindowsA /dev/hda2 ˦ Linux
   .

N /dev/hda @q{]ơI

Command (m for help):a
Partition number (1-4): 2

Command (m for help):w

   gLo]wA Linux ΰϦҰʾާ@tΡCMb/etc/lilo.conf@
   X]wG

boot = /dev/hda2
compact                # may conflict with "linear"  --iPlinearĬ
delay = 100            # 10 seconds  --10
linear                 # gets rid of the "1024 cylinder" problem --ѨM1024ϰ
D
# message = /boot/bootmesg.txt  # write your own, if you will --ۭq}H
root = current
image = /boot/vmlinuz  # boot  Linux  by default as this entry comes first --q
{
  label =  Linux
  read-only
#  append="mem=128M"   # to see more memory than 64M  --pGOФsj64M
other = /dev/hda1
  table = /dev/hda
  label = dos

   B/sbin/liloZNj\iCѤ_liloOwˤ䭫nA Lצp
   ӸԲӾ\Ūo譱ơC

   pG⭫@]wAӭnq DOS/Windows Ұ Linux Ai LOADLIN.EXE
   J@ݩ DOS |lؿ]DOS ΰϡ^FMN֫Ӥlؿ
   AҦpC:\TEMP\VMLINUZCQΤU²檺 .BATɴNiҰ LinuxG

rem    Linux .bat
smartdrv /C
loadlin c:\temp\vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro

   pϥ Windows 9XAh]wo.BATɪSʡAϨq MS-DOS AҰʡC

  wҶq

   bw Linux eAs@@i MBR ϪƥϤAHCB
   restorrb]]AbFIPSn]^A ΥHUOs@ Linux 
   ϺϤG

rescue:

   Mܤֻs@MBRɪϤCpG@GٰA iΤUCO_
    MBRG

rescue:

   MAonb/mntw[]tMBRϤC_hAQ DOS ѱϺϤB
   FDISK /MBRC

2.16 qll

   p\ŪH HTML 榡ΧtLUؤ榡qllOHnӤ
   ɡG/etc/mime.types M/etc/mailcapCĤ@ӤɦCX󪺮榡ΨXiW
   G

application/postscript          ps eps
image/jpeg                      jpe jpeg jpg
text/html                       html

   ӲĤGӤɳWwpܳoؤɪ榡C

   ɦqllϥ Microsoft Outlook oeA䤺eth MIME 榡
   C\Ūoqllݭnbetc/mailcap[JUCG

text/plain; less %s; needsterminal
text/html; lynx -force_html %s; needsterminal

2.17 L]m

   NکҪAU Linux ]mLu]printtoolAyast
   magicfilter^F _hiΰ򥻪ʳ]wC

   wnΫD PostScript L]]DWindows-onlyL^ӥLl
   ]Ҧp C {ǪlX奻^MQ GhostScript ӥL PostScript 
   ɡ]BwwwˤF GhostScript^C

   ]wLBJpUG

     * ˬd}fLG

~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp0
~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp1

       OUpLMݤfC
     * ]w spool lؿG

/var/spool/lpd/# mkdir raw; mkdir postscript

     * pGLLXGx{H]h InkJet Loز{H
       ^Ahݭn@ӹLoCզLUCG

~# echo "first line" > /dev/lp1 ; echo "second line" > /dev/lp1

       pGLXGpUG

first line
          second line

       Nɧ@/var/spool/lpd/raw/filterOsG

#!/bin/sh
# oӹLoix{H
awk '{print $0, "\r"}'

       Bchmod 755 /var/spool/lpd/raw/filterϨ䦨iɡC
     * ns@Τ_PostScriptuLoAhNLowW
       /var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:

#!/bin/sh

DEVICE=djet500
RESOLUTION=300x300
PAPERSIZE=a4
SENDEOF=

nenscript -TUS -ZB -p- |
if [ "$DEVICE" = "PostScript" ]; then
        cat -
else
        gs -q -sDEVICE=$DEVICE \
                -r$RESOLUTION \
                -sPAPERSIZE=$PAPERSIZE \
                -dNOPAUSE \
                -dSAFER \
                -sOutputFile=- -
fi

if [ "$SENDEOF" != "" ]; then
        printf "\004"
fi

       ]WҨϥ HP DeskJet LCpLإLAh@XקC^
     * ̫b/etc/printcapW[UCeG

# /etc/printcap
lp|ps|PS|PostScript|djps:\
        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/postscript:\
        :mx#0:\
        :lp=/dev/lp1:\
        :if=/var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:\
        :sh:
raw:\
        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/raw:\
        :mx#0:\
        :lp=/dev/lp1:\
        :if=/var/spool/lpd/raw/filter:\
        :sh:

   L󬰽Τ֨L]mAаѦ Printing-HOWTOC

   `NGpϥprinttoolAPrinttool GSDEVICE iHΤ_LA@w
   O̦nܡCpostscript.cfgɧ@ǭקFҦpA GSDEVICE
   cdj500 אּ djet500ANi[֥LtסC

2.18 SVGATextMode

   b [19]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/ Linux /sources/sbinWun
   ܥDx̹vBrMЪΪD`ΡC bDxWu@ɡA
   nϥέr骺r]ĶGpڬwr^ λݭnܵOqЪj
   piϥγoMnC

   qq{ VGA Ѽƶ}lAs/etc/TextConfig/etc/TextModeC ϥμ
   wrΤӹ䤤tLoadFont@`PyC

Option "LoadFont"
FontProg "/usr/bin/setfont"
FontPath "/usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts"
FontSelect "lat1u-16.psf"   8x16 9x16 8x15 9x15
FontSelect "lat1u-14.psf"   8x14 9x14 8x13 9x13
FontSelect "lat1u-12.psf"   8x12 9x12 8x11 9x11
FontSelect "lat1u-08.psf"   8x8  9x8  8x7  9x7

   o]wABSVGATextMode "80x34x9"CpGıo@B涶QA
   q/etc/TextModeRĵiA}NUgJ etc/rc.d/rc.sysinitG

# SVGATextMode
/usr/sbin/SVGATextMode "80x34x9"

   `NGХubǼҦUġFbڪOqWAƭȬ
   80x32x9C

3. ޲z@u@

   nu@hAɶS֡Iަ\hu@nAڭ٬Oqo
   @`}lC o@`DnPC pAΪD˼hALkb
   ACѦNET-3 HOWTOA~Ah Linux ]ѤFp]w
   \઺ơCBuwưQר䤤LnIC

   ]b Linux WwƦwcalendarreminderBHttpBSambaBtelnet/sshn
   BΦW ftp]anonymous ftp^BPOP/IMAPAȾMNFS\C

3.1 ]m

   ]w Linux Uت\઺ki۷AUz}Ұʺ
   G

#!/bin/sh

# net-up.sh: set up network access --]wp

DEVICE=eth0      #-- d
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

ifconfig $DEVICE $IPADDR netmask $NETMASK up
route add -net $NETWORK netmask $NETMASK $DEVICE
route add default gw $GATEWAY

   oӸ}bϥθѱϺϤsɫD`ΡCMAuϾqL ping
   Aftp M telnet P~pC

3.2 ɺں

   Linux AȾ@̦Ϊ\NOɺںCثeAjhƲ{iΪ
   ֳw IP firewallingBmasquerading M forwarding \Cpn
   DԲӥ\AiѬ IP-Masquerade mini-HOWTOCMw ipfwadm]
   2.0.xF [20]http://www.xos.nl/ Linux /ipfwadm/^ ipchains]2.2.x
   F [21]http://www.adelaide.net.au/^C

   `NGݭn\AҰʬּҲաCҦpApݭnftpAhNU[
   J /etc/rc.d/rc.sysconfigG

/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_ftp

   LҲճq`b/lib/modules/KERNEL-VERSION/ipv4ɤC

   aLҰIP masquerading\઺{ǫD`²Cˬd
   lƸ}/etc/sysconfig/network ]bөmm^O_e
   FORWARD_IPV4=true@Cq`bҰʮ
   /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward] 1C

   b/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinitW[HUƦG

# default: packets cannot go reach the outside
# w]ƾڥ]Lkoeں
/sbin/ipfwadm -F -p deny
# allow all machines on the local network to reach the Internet
# ϥaWҦisں
/sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.0/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
# alternatively, allow only these two machines
# ΥuUxqsں
# /sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.100/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
# /sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.101/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0

   p Linux wϥ 2.2.x tC֡AHipfwadm-wrapperNipfwadmi[ֱҰ
   tסC

   {bϥΤݾISPFiեMserver] [22]
   http://cpwright.villagenet.com/mserver/^Cקetc/mserver.confF u
   ʡcheckhostBshadowMcnameTCM]wpѼơC

3.3 s

   wqqLPPPsںCsںNiD~ɪJ
   ICb /etc/hosts.allowCJHUeG

# only allow access to localhost
# u\slocalhost
ALL: 127.

   æb/etc/hosts.denyCJ:

# deny access to everyone
# HiJ
ALL: ALL

   pGqݪPںsAѤ_wzѡA̦nfinger
   Btelnet\F QsshNtelnetCBunק/etc/inet.confɧYiC
   PɡA ]ib/etc/hosts.allowW[UCesG

in.telnetd: 192.168.1., .t@.iH.a}
in.ftpd: 192.168.1., .t@.iH.a}

   æb/etc/hosts.denyW[UCe:

in.telnetd: ALL
in.ftpd: ALL

3.4 NFSX

   oؤ覡Τ_AȾΤؿXFpGΤ᪺ UID M GID bUxW
   UۦPAN|oͰDCpGΤ guido bserverW UID/GID  500A
   bclientW UID/GID  512Ahi]mpUG

# /etc/exports
/tmp            my.client.machine(rw)
/home/guido     my.client.machine(rw,map_static=/etc/nfs/client.map)

   b/etc/nfs/client.mapɤJG

# /etc/nfs/client.map
# NFS mapping for client
#       remote          local
uid     512             500
gid     512             500

3.5 WAȾ

   ݽsg ]ĶG@MѤFsgoe^

4. n]m

   UC]mɥݥ[H]wG/etc/profile /etc/bashrc .bashrc .bashrc
   .bash_profile .bash_logout .inputrc .less .lessrc .xinitrc .fvwmrc
   .fvwm2rc95 .Xmodmap .Xmodmap.num .Xdefaults .jedrc .abbrevs.sl .joerc
   .emacs . btγ]wHenWKΤFݭnNI(dot files)
   J/etc/skelC

4.1 bash(1)

   H{AoӳnO֤~̭nnCnbashAXӤHfA i
   קUCɡG

     * /etc/bashrc sӨtΪOWM\F
     * /etc/profile sӨtΪҰѼƩMҰʵ{F
     * $HOME/.bashrc sΤ᪺OWM\F
     * $HOME/.bash_profile sΤ᪺ҰѼƩMҰʵ{F
     * $HOME/.inputrc sDnjwƭȩML줸ƭȡF

   U|oǤɪקCA̭nɬOG/etc/profileCHUL`
   iHݨA קoӤɥiH]w Linux Uإ\C
     _________________________________________________________________

# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs
# --ӨtҩMҰʵ{
#
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# --/etc/bashhrc]t\MOW
#
# This file sets up the following features and programs:
# --oӤɳ]wUC\G
#
#   o path --|
#   o prompts  --ܲ
#   o a few environment variables  --Lܼ
#   o colour ls --ls C
#   o less behaviour    --]wless\
#   o rxvt
#
# Users can override these settings and/or add others in their
# $HOME/.bash_profile
# Τib $HOME/.bash_profile oǳ]wM]Ρ^W[L]w


# set a decent path
# ]wi檺|

PATH="$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin:$HOME/bin:."

# notify the user: login or non-login shell. If login, the prompt is
# coloured in blue; otherwise in magenta. Root's prompt is red.
# See the Colour-ls mini  HOWTO  for an explanation of the escape codes.
# qΤGn]login^Τn]non-login^~{ǡ]shell^C
# pGnAhܲŬŦA_hCRootܲŬC
# Ѿ\Colour-ls mini  HOWTO ﴫX(escape codes)ϥθC

USER=`whoami`
if [ $LOGNAME = $USER ] ; then
  COLOUR=44  # blue --Ŧ
else
  COLOUR=45  # magenta --
fi

if [ $USER = 'root' ] ; then
  COLOUR=41  # red --
  PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin"
fi

ESC="\033"
PROMPT='\h'    # hostname --DW
STYLE=';1m'    # bold --
# PROMPT='\u'  # username --ΤW
# STYLE='m'    # plain --@r
PS1="\[$ESC[$COLOUR;37$STYLE\]$PROMPT:\[$ESC[37;40$STYLE\]\w\\$ "
PS2="> "

# no core dumps, please
# ФxsH

ulimit -c 0

# set umask
# ]wumask

if [ `id -gn` = `id -un` -a `id -u` -gt 14 ]; then
  umask 002
else
  umask 022
fi

# a few variables
# Lܼ

USER=`id -un`
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"  # sendmail, postfix, smail
# MAIL="$HOME/Mailbox"        # qmail
NNTPSERVER=news.myisp.it      # put your own here
VISUAL=jed
EDITOR=jed
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=1000
export PATH PS1 PS2 USER LOGNAME MAIL NNTPSERVER
export VISUAL EDITOR HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTFILESIZE

# enable colour ls
# ]wlsC

eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS -b`
export LS_OPTIONS='-s -F -T 0 --color=yes'

# customize less
# ]wless

LESS='-M-Q'
LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"
LESSOPEN="| lesspipe.sh %s"
LESSCHARDEF=8bcccbcc13b.4b95.33b. # show colours in ls -l | less
# LESSCHARSET=latin1
PAGER=less
export LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARDEF

# fix the backspace key in rxvt/xterm
# ]wrxvt/xtermh

CTRL_H="\010"
NULL_STRING=" $CTRL_H" # space + backspace
if [ "$NULL_STRING" != "" ] ; then
  stty erase ^?
else
  stty erase ^H
fi

# set xterm title: full path
case $TERM in
  xterm*)
    PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWD}\007"'
    ;;
esac

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
  if [ -x $i ]; then
    . $i # beware - variables and aliases might get overridden!
  fi
done

# call fortune, if available  --pfortune
if [ -x /usr/games/fortune ] ; then
  echo ; /usr/games/fortune ; echo
fi
     _________________________________________________________________

   B /etc/bashrcG
     _________________________________________________________________

# /etc/bashrc

# System wide functions and aliases
# ӨtΪ\MOW
#
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile
# /etc/profileҰѼ
#
# Insert PS1 definitions here if you experience problems.
# pDiNPS1ѼƩbB

export CDPATH="$CDPATH:

# common aliases --@POW

alias cp='cp -i'
alias l=less
alias ls="ls $LS_OPTIONS"
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias rmbk='/bin/rm -f .*
alias u='cd ..'
alias which="type -path"
alias x=startx

# A few useful functions --LΪ\

c ()    # cd to the new directory and list its contents
{
  cd $1 ; ls
}

inst()  # Install a .tar.gz archive in current directory --beؿإ.tar
.gzxsw
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then tar zxvf $1; fi
}

cz()    # List the contents of a .zip archive --CX.zipe
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then unzip -l $*; fi
}

ctgz()  # List the contents of a .tar.gz archive --CX.tar.gze
{
  for file in $* ; do
    tar ztf ${file}
  done
}

tgz()   # Create a .tgz archive a la zip. --إY.tgz
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then
    name=$1.tar; shift; tar -rvf ${name} $* ; gzip -9 ${name}
  fi
}

crpm()  # list information on an .rpm file --CX.rpmɪe
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then rpm -qil $1 | less; fi
}
     _________________________________________________________________

   B .bashrcG
     _________________________________________________________________

# $HOME/.bashrc
# Source global definitions

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
  . /etc/bashrc
fi

# this is needed to notify the user that they are in non-login shell
# ݭnHU]wAHKqB󤣵n]non-login^~{ǡ]shell^Τ

if [ "$GET_PS1" = "" ] ; then
  COLOUR=45; ESC="\033"; STYLE=';1m';  # STYLE='m'
  USER=`whoami`
  export PS1="\[$ESC[$COLOUR;37$STYLE\]$USER:\[$ESC[37;40$STYLE\]\w\\$ "
fi

# personal aliases
# ӤHOW

alias backup='tar -Mcvf /dev/fd0'
alias dial='eznet up myisp'
alias f='cd
alias hangup='eznet down'
alias lyx='lyx -width 580 -height 450'
alias restore='tar -M -xpvf /dev/fd0'

# personal functions
# LӭӤHϥΪ\

xj()    # Launch xjed and a file in background --bIҰxjedM
{
  xjed $1 &
}
     _________________________________________________________________

   B.bash_profileG
     _________________________________________________________________

# $HOME/.bash_profile

# User specific environment and startup programs
# ΤSwҰѼƩMҰʵ{
#
# This file contains user-defined settings that override
# those in /etc/profile
# oӤɤsΤۭq]mAiN/etc/profile ƭ
#
# Get aliases and functions
# ]wOWM\
#
if [ -f  then
  GET_PS1="NO"  # don't change the prompt colour --ܴܲŪC
  .
fi

# set a few `default' directories
# ]wLӡq{ؿ

export CDPATH="$CDPATH:$HOME:$HOME/text:$HOME/text/geology"
     _________________________________________________________________

   B .inputrcG
     _________________________________________________________________

# $HOME/.inputrc

# key bindings
# Dnjw

"\e[1
"\e[3
"\e[4
# (F1 .. F5) are "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"
# (F1 .. F5) O "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"

"\e[[A": "info \C-m"

set bell-style visible          # please don't beep
                                # zon
set meta-flag On                # allow 8-bit input (i.e, accented letters)
                                # \8-줸J]Ҧprš^ĶGΤ_ڬw

set convert-meta Off            # don't strip 8-bit characters
                                # 8-줸r
set output-meta On              # display 8-bit characters correctly
                                # T8-줸r
set horizontal-scroll-mode On   # scroll long command lines
                                # O۰½
set show-all-if-ambiguous On    # after TAB is pressed
                                # TAB
     _________________________________________________________________

   ]wUCѼƨ backspace M delete bxterm MLX11ΤB@`
   G
     * b.xinitrcK[G

usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
xmodmap $usermodmap

     * b.XmodmapK[G

keycode 22 = BackSpace
keycode 107 = Delete

       HWN]wFDxѼơCnקxtermAhpUG
     * b.XdefaultsWKG

xterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
        <Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3
        <Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1
        <Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4
        Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40
        Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41

nxterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
        <Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3
        <Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1
        <Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4
        Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40
        Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41

   rxvtDA]bsɪ@ǳ]w|vT\CѬݤW
   /etc/profileC

   bbash(1) M readline(3)  man ho譱ơC

   nHoǳ]wbCΤi`B@CҦpAbxtermBjoeA 
   N_@ΡFBrxvt]ۦPDC

4.2 ls(1)

   lsiCܥؿAXPɡCpWҥܡAnϥγo\Au
   nb /etc/profile W[L椺eYiCLAo靈Ǫrxvt_@ΡF
   oϥ xterm NCݨӤ@ǦѪrxvt]pBAHPbǱp
   ULkTϥҰѼơC

   CalderalsCA@color-lsC NHUe[
   /etc/bashrcG

alias ls="color-ls $LS_OPTIONS"

4.3 less(1)

   QγouVի׵{Ǥȯs@rɡA][Y gzip
   ɩMH tar M zip 榡xsɮפɩM man ɡA]mpUG

     * pntXϥΤVAhNHUHASCIIsg@r.lesskey m
       _homeؿG

^[[A   back-line
^[[B   forw-line
^[[C   right-scroll
^[[D   left-scroll
^[OA   back-line
^[OB   forw-line
^[OC   right-scroll
^[OD   left-scroll
^[[6
^[[5
^[[1
^[[4
^[[7
^[[8

       MBOlesskeyC]oOvt100׺ݾXš^C o|ͦ
       jw쪺Gi .lessC
     * sUC٬w /usr/local/bin/lesspipe.shɡG
         _____________________________________________________________

#!/bin/sh
# This is a preprocessor for 'less'.  It is used when this environment
# variable is set:   LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
# lesswBzCҰѼƩwLESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
# ɡAK_γoӹwBzC

lesspipe() {
  case "$1" in
  *.tar) tar tf $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View contents of .tar and .tgz files
                                  # \Ū.tarM.tgzɪe
   *.tgz|*.tar.gz|*.tar.Z|*.tar.z) tar ztf $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.Z|*.z|*.gz) gzip -dc $1  2>/dev/null ;; # View compressed files
correctly
                                                # T\ŪY
  *.zip) unzip -l $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View archives
                                    # \Ūɮפ
  *.arj) unarj -l $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.rpm) rpm -qpil $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.cpio) cpio --list -F $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.1|*.2|*.3|*.4|*.5|*.6|*.7|*.8|*.9|*.n|*.l|*.man) FILE=`file -L $1`
    FILE=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 2`
    if [ "$FILE" = "troff" ]; then
      groff -s -p -t -e -Tascii -mandoc $1
    fi ;;
  *) file $1 | grep text > /dev/null ;
    if [ $? = 1 ] ; then # it's not some kind of text
      strings $1
    fi ;;
  esac
}

lesspipe $1
         _____________________________________________________________

       MBchmod 755 lesspipe.shAϨ䦨iɡC
     * ӤWNnܼƩJ/etc/profileC

4.4 emacs(1) 奻s边

   Ѥ_ڤӥemacsA]߱ohCemacs Sw]mCMyk
   ХܡCib.emacsWKG

(global-font-lock-mode t)
(setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)

   ouX11ΡCpݨϥέŸAiW[G

(standard-display-european 1)

   zۤvqemacsƤM]wŦXzݭnkAɳo
   nLӤ몺ɶC Iɲ;] [23]]mn^iHǦC

4.5 joe(1) 奻s边

   joebDxCAåBǯS줣_@ΡCѨMo
   Ḑ֤kOG

   (ĶGG|)

   nϯSoͧ@ΡAunק.joercB.jstarrcγ߷Ru]wF 
   /usr/lib/joe]mɡCQβĥ|]w^]wHomeM End
   C

bol ^[ [ 1
eol ^[ [ 4

   XESCǡAJcatAMAJSC

4.6 jed(1) 奻s边

   oO۷nΪs边Gemacsup뮫A]y]wAϥΤ覡]PLs
   边QC ڭ̤jǪ\hΤ᳣jedNVMStνs边EDTC

   jed]mɬ .jedrcM/usr/lib/jed/lib/*Fe̥iq̥ؿjed.rc
   קӱoC

     * njedS]mTAs/usr/lib/jed/lib/defaults.slɡA 
       epUG

() = evalfile(" Linux ");

     * pGxjedѧODELAhb.jedrcW[UCeG

#ifdef XWINDOWS
  x_set_keysym (0xFFFF, 0, "\e[3
  setkey (``delete_char_cmd'', "\e[3
#endif

     * s/usr/lib/jed/lib/ Linux .slA]wInfo_Directory = "/usr/info";
       }b/UCB_Mailer = "/bin/mail";ZK[/bin/mailF
     * ]mjedEDT]ΨLs边^u@Gus .jedrc L
       eC pGnΤpL+RrAӤuR@ӦrAhb.jedrc
       () = evalfile("edt")]]w^WKUCeG

unsetkey("\eOl");
unsetkey("\eOP\eOl");
setkey("edt_wdel", "\eOl");
setkey("edt_uwdel", "\eOP\eOl");

     * bEDTAnxjedϥμƦrpLAhb .Xmodmap K[UC
       eG

keycode 77  = KP_F1
keycode 112 = KP_F2
keycode 63  = KP_F3
keycode 82  = KP_F4
keycode 86  = KP_Separator

     * b.XdefaultsW[HUeiHxjedCG

xjed*Geometry: 80x32+150+50
xjed*font: 10x20
xjed*background: midnight blue
# and so on...

     * ]w²٪i`ٳ\hɶCs@Ӻ٬ $HOME/.abbrevs.sl {
       ǡ]pnܦW١Aib.jedrcJvariable Abbrev_File =
       "/usr/lib/jed/abbrev.sl";^G

create_abbrev_table ("Global", "0-9A-Za-z");
define_abbrev ("Global", "GG", "Guido Gonzato");
create_abbrev_table ("TeX", "\\A-Za-z0-9");
define_abbrev ("TeX", "\\beq", "\\begin{equation}");
define_abbrev ("TeX", "\\eeq", "\\end{equation}");
% and so on...

       JESC x abbrev_modeϨBCpn۰ʹB²٥\ANUCe
       [J .jedrcG

define text_mode_hook ()
{
  set_abbrev_mode (1);
}
%
define fortran_hook ()
{
  set_abbrev_mode (1);
  use_abbrev_table ("Fortran");
}
% and so on...

4.7 pine(1) l\Ū

   ק/usr/lib/pine.confAξӨtΪ]mASO`NG user-domain
   Bsmtp-serverMnntp-serverCPɪ`N inbox-pathM_ϥΦ MTAGp
   ϥ sendmail  postfixAh var/spool/mail/$USERFpϥ QmailAh
    /home/$USER/Mailbox ] root ϥ /usr/lib/pine.conf^C

4.8 minicom(1)

   D root קvTӨtΪ]mA_hΤLkϥ minicomCOקC

4.9 efax(1) n

   ioO@M̮eoǯu]fax^nCunק /usr/bin/fax 
   OYiFק藍AǤpaoݪ`NG

     * Q at+fclass=? OXtΤƾھŧO class 1B22.0
       C tΪ^Хiର 0,1,2F1 M 2 ܼƾھŧOF
     * DIALPREFIX: ϥΡTΡPiणAΤ_ǰa]ܤ֤AΤ_
       qjQ^C ATDTΡATDPF
     * INIT and RESET: efax ݭn_lѼ -iM -kC pݨϥ AT 
       OAhNqOAåH -i  -kNCҦpGb INIT
       ϥ ATX3 OAh[J -iX3YiC

   o]mA٭n]mLϥΪ̪v]wAo˫D root ϥΪ̤~
   oǯuCn /var/lock M /var/spool/fax igؿCno
   u@A ] faxusers sաANϥΪ̥[J䤤AMHUCO
   ݩʡG

 chmod g+w /var/spool/fax

4.10 Ghostscript

   oӦΪnIpDC]ꪺXfApdf2ps b[K .pdf
   ɤWϥΡCѨMkONsW [24]http://www.ozemail.com.au/A 
   pdf_sec.ps ɨN Ghostscript PWɧYiC

4.11 TeX ϥ

   ] Linux WwwˤFLeTeXC

     * q̪蹳ULPLaTeXnAҦp [25]
       ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/texCNoǤɩb
       /usr/share/texmf/tex/latex ؿUAMBOtexhashA teTeX
       Dsn󪺦sbF
     * ]msrš]hyphenation^Ahiק
       /usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/config/language.datɡAMBG

 texconfig hyphen

     * pn]wdvipsAhݽs /usr/share/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
       C `NGq{vѼƤ]vT xdviBFpGCBɵo{
       nгyrAhi .XdefaultepUG

XDvi*mfmode:

       oUC
     * XjTeXMdiNlؿPostScriptƦr]AACNUCO
       J .bash_profileG

export TEXINPUTS="$HOME/figures::./figures"

       oTeXbdq{ؿed$HOME/figuresA}bdq{ؿ
       d ./figuresC

4.12 קKPPPD

   ثe Linux ִXGwsJF PPP + TCP/IP \A]wF^ea}
   ]loopback^MTwˤFpppdnM@suid rootCMAISP oPPPC
   ثeؤ覡i PPP `B@G]a^ʳ]wFM]b^QΤ@ӵ{
   ʳ]wCױĥΦؤ覡AЦUCơG

     * ISPqܸX
     * ISPWrBlMsDAȾa}
     * ISPW
     * ΤWrMKX

   ʳ]mOյLBQFơCMAΪu@LDOקɩMs
   }Aä·СA XAs⩹|աCn PPP HOWTO i
   HѦҡC~A]uiHϥΡAJWzơAM۰ʬz]mC Gnome
   MKDEMn󤤤O]AFgnome-pppMkpppӤuAKwPPPA OHQ
   PEC~A]ϥΦbDxWާ@uwvdialMeznetC un
   ISPqܸXBΤmWBKXANpWFC̪O [26]
   http://www.worldvisions.ca/wvdialM [27]http://www.hwaci.com/sw/eznet
   AեΡCoӤu㳣QnΡA]ݫ̧K@ǡC

  ϥeznet

   Aإߤ@Ӥ/etc/resolv.confAepUG

nameserver w.x.y.z

   䤤JzϥΪISPWA]nameserver^a}CnQeznetإ߱b
   A iϥΤUCOG

#]ĶG妳|^

   o|ͤ@ݩroot/var/eznet/eznet.confAϥv600F pn
   jaϥΡAchmodNאּ666CQeznet up YOUR_ISPISPCp
   Gƾھ@ݹqܪHALkqAոդUCOG

#]ĶG妳|^

   n_qܡAunoXeznet downOCOQ²ܡI

  ϥwvdial

   wvdial]mƦܧuCJwvdialconf /etc/wvdial.confAMקoӤ
   ɨϨCJΤmWBKXMqܸXC wvdialռAƱ@QCn_
   uA Ctrl-CYiC

4.13 POPΤݵ{

   nqPOPAlAiϥPOPΤݵ{ǡApfetchpop fetchmailF
   ̤iAݭnBsendmailCoCɹqӨA GOh@|C
   oǳniq [28]ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/ Linux /system/mail/popo
   C

   ]mΤݪ{pUG

     * fetchpopGbĤ@Boӳnɷ|nDJ@ǸơCun^Ҧ
       DYiC pGISPPOP3AॿTLASTOAbϥfetchpop
       ݥ[Ѽ-r
     * fetchmailGק.fetchmailrcpUG

# $HOME/.fetchmailrc
poll mbox.myisp.com with protocol pop3;
  user john there with password _Loo%ny is john here

       ӥΤXbĤG椤W[smtphost localhostjjﵽBt
       C Bchmod 600 .fetchmailrc]wɪϥvA_hfetchmail
       |ڵBC oӨҤluO@ثD`򥻪]wA٦LUإi
       ]wkA iѬ [29]http://www.ccil.org/C

4.14 X t (XFree86)

  ]wXA

   kڵA]wXAwgSHexCҦ Linux {b]A
   F]wX11u]XConfiguratorBsaxBXF86Setup Φܤ֦xf86config^C
   ثeXA]mXG۰ʡA uOּƤLصdiڵu@Cb]
   wXAɦpDJxAiΤUC²檺kѨMG

     * TwwˤFqΪVGAAF
     * s [30]ftp://ftp.XFree86.org/pub/XFree86/current/binariesAcd
       A Linux lؿAUX_version_bin.tgzBX_version_set.tgzM
       ҦAC bLn󤤡AĤ@Ӧsɳn󤺸̷sSuperProbeF
     * NX_version_bin.tgz}@{ɥؿAcdӥؿAMB
       ./SuperProbeCpGoӵ{odANi]wdC_hN
       SƱF
     * q/usr/X11R6/w˦UӦAMX_version_set.tgzAMB XF86Setup
       C

   oؤk@볣UL@AUHpiणPCX11}lB檺hƭ]
   OѼƿܹLC qCѼƶ}lAҦp800x600M256
   AMvBWɡC`NG oǾާ@ԷVpߡAi|laI

  ƦrpL

   Wwgܽdp]wLӯSOCpGϥXjedAܽd.XmodmapNŦX
   ݭnA IOLkϥμƦrpL]keypad^C]ݭn.Xmodmap.numt@
   ]wG

! Definitions can be found in <X11/keysymdef.h>
! b<X11/keysymdef.h>iUwq
keycode 77  = Num_Lock
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 63  = KP_Multiply
keycode 82  = KP_Subtract
keycode 86  = KP_Add
keycode 79  = KP_7
keycode 80  = KP_8
keycode 81  = KP_9
keycode 83  = KP_4
keycode 84  = KP_5
keycode 85  = KP_6
keycode 87  = KP_1
keycode 88  = KP_2
keycode 89  = KP_3
keycode 90  = KP_0
keycode 91  = KP_Decimal

   Tw/etc/X11/XF86ConfigoUCTG

  ServerNumLock
  Xleds
  XkbDisable

   _h#PCnsϥμƦrpLABOxmodmap .Xmodmap.numC

  xdmϹn

   nϥιϹnAק/etc/inittabAϨ]tUCeG

x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/X11/xdm -nodaemon

   䤤5OX11BŧO]runlevel^]S.u.S.E. 4^CӤUCkקq{
   BŧO]q`23^G

id:5:initdefault:

   C⪺ƭȳ]w_/etc/X11/xdm/XserverG

:0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X :0 -bpp 16 vt07  # first X server, 65k colours
:1 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X :1 -bpp 32 vt08  # second X server, true colour

   pGw.xinitrcANƻs.xsessionA}Bchmod +x .xsessionϨ䦨
   iɡCMBOtelinit 5ANj\iFC

  ޲z

   @XAL~au@ANUزզX]mFMAooݥέص
   ޲z(window manager)AثeNLQإiChƳ]mOק@B
   Dؿ奻(ASCII files)F]ڥݧ@ק諸޲zA
   ӥΤ@Ӥp{άƦܵӺ޲zC

   |ҦpUG

     * ݩfvwma:  /etc/X11/fvwm/system.fvwmrc ({)D
       ؿA }եΡCγoؤki|O֮ɶALoˤ~|u
       DSʡAäFѬO_AҦnF
     * WindowMaker: Lӳ]mɡAb $HOME/GNUstepA}@Ӭ۷
       p{(applet)F
     * KDE M Gnome: Sק蠟BG]wqLiC

   ²ApGbGק]mɡAiicewmBfvwm*BblackboxF _h
   NΥثe`KDEBGnomeBWindowMakerMXFCEC

   ӭn@Ӧn.xinitrcC|ҦpUG

#!/bin/sh
# $HOME/.xinitrc

usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
xmodmap $usermodmap

xset s noblank  # turn off the screen saver -- ̹O@n
xset s 300 2    # screen saver start after 5 min -- 5Ұʫ̹O@
xset m 10 5     # set mouse acceleration -- ]wЪt

rxvt -cr green -ls -bg black -fg white -fn 7x14 \
  -geometry 80x30+57+0 &

if [ "$1" = "" ] ; then  # default
  WINMGR=wmaker
else
  WINMGR=$1
fi

$WINMGR

   MëDݡANܦichmod +x .xinitrcC

   o .xinitrc Aε޲zG

$ startx startkde # or other w.m. -- ΨL޲z

   (LAΤ_Ǫ S.u.S.E.)

  X11 γnq{

   Xapp-defaultsҦbm(Ӧb/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults)C 
   Lγn󪺳]mɳboӥؿC

4.15 ϥΪ̪]m

    Dot ɪsANoǳ]mɫ [31]n]mkۨ
   /etc/skelC

4.16 s@ .rpm

   rpmO@غ޲zMn󪺦nkADbSpU(wz)A @ڳ
   @Nw.tar.gznCnw.tar.gznɡANഫ.rpmɡA M
   AwˡFѦRPM HOWTOC~AbϥΤsgccɡAҦp egcs
   pgccA NUCe[J/etc/rpmrcG

optflags: i386 -O2 -mpentium

4.17 Upgrading

   bɯŮɡAs@ƥAëOs@ǭnɡA䤤]A
   /etc/X11/XF86ConfigB/usr/bin/faxM/usr/local ҦɥHΤֳ]m
   BM/etcM/var/spool/mailҦlC

   MӤɯš]֭š^n󪩥aγnAMW[γnC

5. ]mn

   @ǵ{ Linux _w˩M]mCǵ{wgзǡG Red Hat M
   Caldera HΤ@Ǫa setupBprinttoolBnetcfgBusertoolA
   S.u.S.E.^eM]m{YastCLΪ{ǥ]AG

     * The Dotfile Generator: XγnMҲաAHK]memacsBbash
       BprocmailnC } [32]http://www.imada.ou.dk/
     * Linux conf: ̦Ϊ]muCbDxMXUiBCnd
       ơAQ [33]http://www.solucorp.qc.ca/ Linux conf}C

6. 

6.1 v]Ķ̡GOd^

   Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
   their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
   distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
   as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
   redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
   like to be notified of any such distributions.

   All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
   any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
   That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
   additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
   may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
   HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.

   In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
   as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
   on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
   redistribute the HOWTO s.

   If you have questions, please contact Tim Bynum, the Linux HOWTO
   coordinator, at [34]Linux-HOWTO@metalab.unc.edu via email.

6.2 XN

   o HOWTO ]\L HOWTO ݭnzXNM@XסCڤȹ惡
   wAƹWAo٬OݪCpGzo{|ο~A аȥqڡCpG
   zϥΪP_ Red Hat/MandrakeAåB]mɩmbPؿA
   гqڡAڷ|CJzϥΤ߱oC ڧƱjaϥ Linux VKVnC

   Linux ܦhA]iùCҦUػC бNznDMĳq
   ŦX̡Xz{  گdݱzۤvMw̬Xz{סC

6.3 KdnDisclaimer

   tγ]m HOWTO O Guido Gonzato [35]guido@ibogeo.df.unibo.itsg
   AbڭnP©ҦL HOWTO @̩M man @̩M]Ρ^޲zH
   A]ڮɱ`ѥL̪߱oAPCC ڨínP©Ҧڪ峹X
   MĳPnC

   oNHHWeѵjaCڤwɤOϤeTAЦUruϥΡA
   ڹjaϥγoiyGtdC

   ڰJߧƱog峹zΡA]ڦbw˷s Linux tήɡA]ɮɭ
   U....

   ƱzαooC

   Guido =8-)

References

   1. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/guido``at''ibogeo.df.unibo.it
   2. news:comp.os.linux.setup
   3. http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO
   4. http://ibogeo.df.unibo.it/guido/Configuration
   5. http://www.seifried.org/lasg
   6. http://nic.com/
   7. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#Restricting
   8. http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh/
   9. http://srp.stanford.edu/srp/
  10. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recovery
  11. http://www.Linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0591.html
  12. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#SVGA
  13. http://www.Linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0239.html
  14. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#Hostname
  15. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/hardware
  16. http://www.torque.net/
  17. http://Linux.wauug.org/pub/knaff/mtools
  18. http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/fat32.html
  19. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/Linux/sources/sbin
  20. http://www.xos.nl/Linux/ipfwadm/
  21. http://www.adelaide.net.au/
  22. http://cpwright.villagenet.com/mserver/
  23. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#Config sw
  24. http://www.ozemail.com.au/
  25. ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex
  26. http://www.worldvisions.ca/wvdial
  27. http://www.hwaci.com/sw/eznet
  28. ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/mail/pop
  29. http://www.ccil.org/
  30. ftp://ftp.XFree86.org/pub/XFree86/current/binaries
  31. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Config-HOWTO.txt.html#config
  32. http://www.imada.ou.dk/
  33. http://www.solucorp.qc.ca/Linuxconf
  34. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/Linux-HOWTO@metalab.unc.edu
  35. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.20430/guido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it
