
                          媩 The Linux News HOWTO
                                       
@: Vince Skahan [1]vince@halcyon.com
Ķ: Hu,Shih-Ming [2]smhu@ish.chna.edu.tw

   v1.4, 29 November 1995
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   oOyzh]wB@b Linux tΤU USENET News ACpGz
   nbۤvDΦPɦbۤvHΧOHDWŪBiKsDܡAh
   ziݭngCpGzèSbztδѺsDAܡA
   ziH\Ū󪺡C
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

     * 1.1 󥻤󪺧s
     * 1.2 N^X
     * 1.3 vi
     * 1.4 ~d
     * 1.5 LTӷ
     * 1.6 Ǧa褣AXШDU
       
2. wݨD

3. o USENET news n

4. sDǰen

     * 4.1 Cnews Cleanup Release
     * 4.2 InterNetNews (INN)
     * 4.3 @ǨLsDǰen
     * 4.4 Ķ̪
       
5. News Readers

     * 5.1 Tin
     * 5.2 Trn/Mthreads
     * 5.3 NN
     * 5.4 LsDŪ{
       
6. P

7.  USENET g`Q߰ݪD

     * 7.1 ڤb moderated sDsձiKGi
     * 7.2 ڷ|P permission DH
     * 7.3 ڱiKGibaiHݱoA ObeUoSX{
       H
     * 7.4 ڪi檩S nntp H
     * 7.5 b expire ɡA٦ܦhxsŶAiOMiD
       uŶvOH
     * 7.6 C˳ݰ_ӫܥ`AiOoiKGiOH
     * 7.7 ڥiHNs news overview( NOV) i trn/tin/nn AHNU
       PƮwܡH
     * 7.8 Si檩 NNTP H
     * 7.9 p]w NNTPAiH\zLhŪαiKGiAӦbanxs
       󪺤峹άOƮwH
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

   󪺥تOnѵ@Ǧ Linux tΤW USENET NewsWݨӲŦXҿסu
   ɱ`Q߰ݪDvA H Linux Slackware WSwDC
   
   ά Mail  UUCP "HOWTO"NNӱiKb
   comp.os.linux.announce W UUCP-NEWS-MAIL-FAQC
   
1.1 󥻤󪺧s

   󪺷sNwiKb comp.os.linux.announce, comp.answers
   news.answers WC Pɤ]|X{b mirror
   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO anonymous ftp sites WF
   
   Pɱz]iHb LinuxyT]WWW
   ^http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.htmlWoC
   
1.2 N^X

   wzϥιqllӪܱz糧󪺷N]ެOάOtN^C
   pGzo{~άOʤ򪺸ܤ@wnPpôC
   
   Ҧ쪺qllڳ|ݡAO@w|C nDW[enD
   ]\bɾB NqݨDA٦CѪȳXApU|[HҼ{
   C ]ĶG٭nboǱWA[W@ӡu쨺ɦpGٰOoܡvF
   ܩ󤤤媩pGzıoNܡA
   mailto:smhu@ish.chna.edu.twC^
   
   flames ܡA|wR /de/null hAҥHnӷЧڡC
   
   @ISO Linux ɮרtΤèSҿתзǪ|A b
   󤺪|ObgɪзǩάOڨpHLC бzMzϥΪ
   Ѫ̸ߥ̪|C
   
   zpG󥻥󪺮榡NܡAЩM HOWTO @ - Greg Hankins
   (gregh@sunsite.unc.edu)pôC
   
1.3 vi

   News-HOWTO vOݩ Vince Skahan C ]ĶGMաA媩v
   NOݩڪ! ^
   
   \ӭvrƻsBsδάOqlCAӤݭnAq
   @̡C pGĶ̴OѽĶAh½ĶP˪Q\C
   
   ²uޥΤݦA|@̡A lͪu@άOS News-HOWTO ݸ
   Hۥ󪺭A άOX媺XBC
   
   Pɤ\ιyӷ~ʪǼFަpA @̱NַܼNQ
   |]pGzAذe@@̪ܡ^C ]ĶGڬOΨ·аաIpG
   Oӷ~ʽ誺ǼܡA бNCӦrsx@rOH Linux Wq
   O̤а|NiHFI^
   
   ƹWAڭ̧ƱzLUغ޹DӱsoǸTA OAڭ٬OƱO
   d HOWTO 󪺪vC
   
   ڭ̧Ʊb HOWTOS ̭ҦQsŶǡC pGzDAлP
   Linux HOWTO ޲z -- Greg Hankins sA LqllHc
   gregh@sunsite.unc.edu
   
1.4 ~d

   MաAڤϥΥҤޥӪGtOdCzϥΨ䤤[B
   ҤlBΨL󳡥IѱzۦӾC
   
1.5 LTӷ

  USENET
  
   news.admin.misc         sDA޲z̪@DC
   news.admin.policy       USENET ҵoG@ǬFC
   news.admin.technical    @sDA(moderated)C
   news.software.b         Qפ@ǻP B-news ۮenC
   news.software.nn        QצsDŪ{ "nn"C
   news.software.nntp      sDǿwC
   news.software.readers   @ǥΨŪsDnC
   news.sysadmin           tκ޲z̪סC
   news.announce.newusers  @ǱiKsϥΪ̪Gi(moderated)C
   news.newsuers.questions  USENET s⪺DPѵ

  y
  
   Cyiz|UC
   
     * "Managing UUCP and USENET"  O'Reilly+Associates ҥXC ̧ڪN
       oO@ USENET {Ψw̦nyC
     * "Unix Communications"  Waite Group ҥXC Uӳ椸Υ
       p󵲦X@_ܦnyzC
     * "Practical Unix Security"  O'Reilly+Associates ҥXC 
       UUCP wܦnQסC
     * "The Internet Complete Reference"  Osborne O@ܦnѦҮyA
       UئbںWPAȡA]t newsBmail ΨLںW
       귽C
     * "The Linux Networking Administrators' Guide" Ӧ Olaf Kirch 
       Linux DOCӦܤ֦ O'Reilly  SSC XC @NҦUNIX 
       FӪDFiDzC ]ĶGnpAum... EYO
       ΪAI^
       
1.6 Ǧa褣AXШDU

   b Linux U]wΰUSENET  news èSSaA ҥHФnN
   P news DiK comp.os.linux.* sDQ׸sC ]ĶGb
   tw.bbs.comp.linux WnSoظTҧaI]\O]j D]u
   OupwˡvաAup]wvάOup...voDaI^
   
   DzDnOuu Linux ~] ҦpGЧiDڦb SLS v1.03 W
   ϥ bash1.12 nh INN ܡA ݭnǸɤB(patch)^oDChz
   iHbsDs߰ݡC
   
   ڦAƤ@
   
   @ӻASzѦb comp.os.linux sDsiKP news 峹C
   wg news.* sDsiHhBzzҦDC ]ĶGbaAnews 
   Qצb tw.bbs.netnewsF LӪǤjѯŪsbAҥHniKe
   ATA bxܥiO@InFQQݡA @ News Server ޲z
   ̳]|ݥXoˤlDA pGz feeder DFA ڬݰաILun@
   QPzHܡA Ψb]|I -- ѥL news server ]
   \NQzLNѪ欰dF]wI^
   
   pGzNOP Linux SwY峹iK comp.os.linux.* A z
   OaMDUFC USENET news Ѥ̤o|h Linux s
   DQ׸s ]@L̫ܤ֬O] Linux @~tΪ^C
   
   PiKuO Linux ~|DD Linux sDQ׸sObOzۤv
   ΨLHɶA åBɱ`~zҴDһݭnСC
   
2. wݨD

   b Linux U] USENET News SSOnDC unHxsnνu
   (thread)ƮwHΨsDe󫬺AxsCNiHFC @
   ӭ}l̳̤pݨDqOwи̦ 10 MBŶC ]ĶGOťLAoؤj
   NOءuڤ]...vئw˪kաI @ tw.bbs.* @
   N 10 MB FA unz feeder @}leAz`C expire ӨB
   TaI pGzƱ峹OdӨgܡA  10 * 14 = 140 MB N]
   FA [W@ǦSAjn 200 MBA pGSӨSǪGG]
   ]wӤnӸƦ^dܡA Oz INND WNuvFI^
   
3. o USENET news n

   "HOWTO"n鳣iHHںW anonymous ftp site oC
   
    ftp.uu.net  /networking/news MA@ӻO@Ӧn}lC
   
   newspak-2.4.tar.z tb Linux tΤUwإ uucpBnews  mail n
   ]w(config file)Ūڪɮ(readme)C oǳOKOCziH
   b sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/Mail/news 쥦C pGzbWz
   aSk쪺ܡA еڤ@ emailAڱN|TwziHo@ӽƥC
   ĶGsiHbHUaIoG
   ftp://mail.ncku.edu.tw/pub/os/Linux/Unofficial/sunsite-incoming/newspa
   k-2.5.tar.gz
   ftp://ftp.ccu.edu.tw/pub1/unix/Linux/system/news/newspak-2.5.tar.gz
   
4. sDǰen

   b{bAUNIX tΤUjsDǰenA@ӬO Cnews H INNC ª
   Bnews wŧGu`vFA ӥB@̤]A䴩FC
   
   bo̩һsDǰenObBzA HϱoiK峹oHǻΨ
   osD\ŪniHhsnC
   
   ziH]wzߨzwaA un UUCP |iH
   rnew \i(Permission file)A Hαz]wFzsD\ŪnA 
   oiHh "inews"  "mail"C ]ĶGثebxWϥ UUCP ̨N
   ʪjO緽ͷ~إߪ UUserv FI  cthuang@UUserv.NET.tw
   ҴѥHUTI
   
   >zb <4p3h97$8jj@ish.chna.edu.tw> 峹: >: iHh "inews" 
   "mail"C ]ĶG{b٦Hb UUCPܡ^ >MrCUUserv ϺOx
   Wּƴ UUCP aC >ӥB]OxW̤j UUCP ߩOC um...
   F ^
   
   `NGpGzզPɦw Cnews  INN Az@wOb۴MWoF uo
   өάOt~@ӡCiH[J NNTP  "reference Release"  Cnews A ]
   ӥ̴NuAڻvC
   
4.1 Cnews Cleanup Release

   ثebsDWзǪӬO Cnews FC wgXӦnh~FAڬO
   b1988~Ĥ@ݨ쥦C ثes Cnews Cleanup ReleaseA O
   CR.G ɤBC
   
   Cnews DnnBOסCz|o{iHbUت *nix tΰA 
   eb@ɤwƥHdptάOϥ Cnews C
   
   DnIhOnOnǧQ uucp  modem sIҨϥΪ
   C ]b޲zںήɨtΪeŪɡA ݭnB~ NNTP nC
   
   ަpA@ӷs USENET ޲z̭̦nOܨϥ CnewsC ]O
   píwA }nΦnXdӦg窺޲z̥iH^zDC
   
   'Cleanup Release'ܤF]tF Overview 䴩A ӥBLh٭n֡C
   GONOz{biHϥ Cnews NOV ҴѪ\A Ӥݥt~AQ
   LnӤ䴩sDŪ{p nnB tinB trnC
   
   ڨèS㪺phwˤγ]woӳnA ]Oڦba̦n[HeN
    INNFC pGHnѧڦ譱uA аeӹqll󵹧ڡC
   
   b sunsite  newspak tb Linux tΤW] Cnews Cleanup Release ]
   wɡC ӱzpGnϥ bash1.12 ܫhzݭn@ǸɤBu@C
   
   򥻤Wz]s 'quiz' }åBĥιw]ȡC zѦұz /usr/include
   Ӧ^@sꪺDA Oz]ߡAǳOܩTC
   
  w Cnews
  
   w Cnews Cleanup Release OD`ªu@F unol{A
   }̡A Mӫܥh@NnFC
   
   b newspak  quiz.def OzĤ@ quiz ɩҲͪC ӱzund
   ݦb /usr/include ɮ״NiHo쥿TסC
   
   zݭn̪񪩥 bash ~iH Cnews qLۧڴաC ziHQ 'bash
   -version'ӪDz{bϥΪ bash C 1.14.2 O򪺰
   C bڼgoӤ󪺮ɭԡAݰ_ 1.14.5 nnǡC
   
   Steve Robbins wTw̪񪺪 'Cnews Cleanup Release' o{P GNU
   shellutils-1.9 Xɦ@ΡI ڰOo Steve NɤB sunsiteC
   
  ]w Cnews
  
   ܤֱzݭnhsάOݤ@UU@ɮסA ̳b
   /usr/local/lib/newsC
   
active             - active ɮסC]ĶGNOsznsDQ׸sWr^
batchparms         - 妸@~ѼơC
explist            - ]w峹sɶC
mailname           - mail replies ɦb header WrC
mailpaths          - niK峹 moderated  mail ߡC
organization       - zqW١C
sys                - ǬOznάOeC
whoami             - b Path: zDW١C

  @ Cnews
  
   A̭nhNOnʥh˶èǥӦε{h]wɮסC S
   OOnʥh]w newsfeed ]ziH] addfeed^Χ˶ñz active ɮ
   ]ziH] addgroup^C zðݪɭԡAŪ...AŪbl{
   C
   
   CƳiHQ cron ӰC ڪ crontab  news pUG
   
        # take the compressed batches that came in from other systems
        # also, post (locally) articles that originated here
        20 *       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrun

        # batch 'em up to go out
        0 *        * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/batch/sendbatches myfeedsite

        # expire C-news
        59 0       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/expire/doexpire

        # monitor stuff and report if needed
        10 5       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/newsdaily
        00 5       * * * /usenet/sw/new/bin/newswatch

        # turn processing of incoming news batches off 6:30AM - 4:00 PM
        30 6       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrunning off
        00 16      * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrunning on

4.2 InterNetNews (INN)

   INN OsDWRx̡AOѩ󥦪ʨϱoowC DnnBO
    tץHΥ]tF㪺 nntp ]ˡC DnIOOݩsө|
   b\hзǪ *nix tΤWwˤΨS岫]LC t~AݭnӦu@
   ]daemon^@b]innd^ ΦA[W@ overchan  daemon hBzu
   (threading)C мmݨӴNOi[Oθ֪tסC
   
   ڴgb@x 8MB 386-33]S] Xwindows^ DW INN H UUCP 
   zL14.4 kb modem ӦL@ӱߤW̰ 5 MB sDeqOA åBS
   󪺰DC
   
   ޥb Linux UOֳtӥB۷íwA Oѩ󥦹}lsDA
   ޲z̦ӨèS㪺 ]MuꪺάOpGzѥHA]O
   e^C ҥHs USENET޲z̳̦nO Bnews άO Cnews A 
   zsDF۷{׫Ahϥ INNC ]ĶGOťLA bxWO
   @ʥxsDADܤ֦EQxOw INN A ֬OuALb
   Linux Ww˨äOܧxA {b News FAQ part 1-9Hά۷
   manual pageA uOzһݭnuOhI\ҴNOաI רO
   C.S.Chen FKա^
   
   INN  permission OܯSOAO⥦̧˲VFC
   
   INN зǪ TCP/IP nD]ܯSA Linux bo譱äOܦXGA
   ]z̦nOh@ Linux  archie site Sw Linux Ϊ INN ӥΥi
   C ]ĶGo@譱b Linux 1.3.67 HW TCP/IP vg
   XnDFA ثe smart Okernel 1.3.70HWA[W inn1.4unoff4
   um...ڻ unoff5 XӤFI ϥ redhat 3.0.3 iHL̤q ftp
   site U newspak-unoff3 5.rpm HO@ binary distribution^
   
  w INN
  
   ( HUӦ Arjan de Vet - devet@info.win.tue.nl )
   
   ڬFn INN 1.4 iHb Linux W]A OFnɤBγ]wɡA zi
   HbHUaoG
   
   ftp.win.tue.nl:/pub/linux/ports/inn-1.4-linux.tar.gz
   
   INN ݭn@Ө}n /bin/shCڨϥ bash 1.13 beta ]ziHbU ftp
   site 쥦^C bash 1.12 @ǤpDA ǺsDsäॿTx
    ]]\٦LDALڤOoF^C
   
  ]w INN
  
   򥻤Wunz Arjan's ޡA NiH⥦]wC o̬O@Ƕn
   Ǥ򪺺KnC
   
     * b config.dataATwzwN HAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN ]w DONTC ]ĶG
       bϥηs kernel inn-1.4unoff4 ɡAziH]w DO^
     * Nz] innd xDW٥[J hosts.nntpA pGzuϥ uucp 
       A NJz sitenameC
     * Twz /etc/inetd.conf  nntp wg"#"N comment FC
       ]ĶGpGμɤO@I覡ANܱN kill ^
     * pGzw Taylor UUCPܡA h٭nN config.data 
       HAVE_UUSTAT ] DOC pGzb]w~ܡA |ɭPSkN
       news ~eC
     * pGz] INNAzȥOonhק syslog.confAozܤjܤj
       UC
       
   INN ӫܯSO FAQACӤ볣|wiK news.software.nntp,
   news.software.b,news.answersC z]iHb
   rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/news UoC zN|ܰzF
   I
   
  @ INN
  
   ڵo{ Linux  INN site F]w@ cron ~A XGUC
   򥻤Wzݭn@ǹHU crontabG
   
        # daily maint, also expire the .overview database and articles
        1 0 * * * /usenet/sw/inn/bin/news.daily expireover delayrm < /dev/null

        # send 'em out
        5 * * * * /usenet/sw/inn/lib/send-uucp

   ]pGzwg bash 1.13 h "< /dev/null" NݭnF^
   
4.3 @ǨLsDǰen

   HUCX@Ǧb Linux WT{]iH]sDǰenG
     * dynafeed
     * nntp1.5.11
     * slurp1.05
       
4.4 Ķ̪

   ½ĶFѥbѡAGOU½UjC ٦nOڦbw INN ɭԡA ٨S
   ݨoHOWTOA _hݤFѥbѡAणw˪_ӡA ڬ٬OӤjDI
   HUOQ Slackware Linux ]ڧѤF@ӪFաIO 3.0  :-(
   Ӽ˨ӬqnG pGznQ 3.0HWӦwˡA oͤ@N~AG
   ѱzۦӾA LګhD Slackware w˷|FܡH pGzQ
   3.0 w˫ᦳFGA  email iDڡ^
   
   ONOzn Slackware Linux աA nozNۤv]kaI ݬOn
    hopenet СA ٬OnQκwˡA άOnR Slackware
   ڳSNաI
   
   ziHQ pkgtool Ӧw N tC̭ inndC |zw˪thF 
   OAuOthӤwA äOzw˪nnOI z٬OݭnAh@
   ]wաI
   
   @InU쪺OA Slackware  inn Ow˨ /usr/lib/news hA 
   O@몺/usr/local/lib/news C
   
   MzN cd /usr/lib/news/tools.linux A oӸ̭nh_éOA 
   z⦳ӥsINSTALL.linux LFXӡA MzNӤWBJ@B@B
   UhjN񧹦FC ڦbUҪOq½ĶLӪA 
   OjPĳz̦n٬OݭlC
   
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
   tλݨDG
     * ld.so
     * libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.5.19
     * smail άO sendmail
       
   w˨BJG
    1. QαzM˪uѶ}{աA b Slackware Linux hOQΨ䤽ε{
       pkgtoolC
    2. TwztΤӨϥΪ̤θsզW٥s news C
    /etc/passwd
                 news:*:9:13:news:/usr/lib/news:
                      | |  |____ GID 13 !
                      | |_______ UID 9 !
                      |_________ oӭgFApGzOnews::9:13
    ܡAHiHϥ news åBݭn password NiH login
    FApGz̬Ooˤl]wAЧiDڡAѥh.....    ^_^

    /etc/group
                 news::13:news
                        |_______GID 13!
    3. ]@ script |HH usenetAҥH]w@ mail  aliasA
       ⥦b /etc/aliasesCepUG
    /etc/aliases:
                  news: root
                  usenet: root
       MAQ newaliases RO alias ƮwC
    4.  /etc/rc.d/rc.local [J inn _ʪ script "rc.news"
    # start inn
    /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news
    5. Nb /usr/lib/news/tools. ̭ӥs crontab-news ɮ׽ƻs
       /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/newshA åBNAקC Ṋ
       ӦWr令esDzDW١C
    6. z{b news LIBDIR Ob /usr/lib/newsC ]ܦhsDŪ{
       | /usr/local/lib/news hŪ]wA ]zݭn@ӲŸ
       sG
    ln -s /usr/lib/news /usr/local/lib/news
       pGzbHegw˹L Cnews ܡA Nwgsb
       /usr/local/lib/newsFA ]zݭnQ rm NI
    7. news  spool ؿb /var/spool/newsC pGbztΤwgbP
       ؿU news 峹ɡA ӱzSwg /var/spool/news ؿɡA 
       /var/spool/news ؿA MANz news spool ؿӲŸs
       ]ҦpApGz즳b /news ܡ^
    ln -s /news /var/spool/news
    8. קb /usr/lib/news U config ɡG bHUɮפḙpG
        manlobbi A oܬOӷsDADA  knobel OڪsD
       ȤݡC zhsb /usr/lib/news HUɮסC

    expire.ctl hosts.nntp inn.conf moderators newsfeeds
    nnrp.access nntpsend.ctl passwd.nntp
       HW@wnק諸 inn.conf, hosts.nntp, newsfeeds, nnrp.access 
       L ... um.. NݵۿnFC pGzO nntpsend ܡA zNݭn
       h nntpsend.ctl
    9. إߤ@ӪŪhistory database  log
    :>/usr/lib/news/history
    :>/usr/lib/news/history.dir
    :>/usr/lib/news/history.pag
    :>/usr/lib/news/errlog
    :>/usr/lib/news/log
    chmod 664 /usr/lib/news/{history*,log,errlog}
    chown news.news /usr/lib/news/{history*,log,errlog}
   10. H root  makedirs.sh
   11. Q man news-recovery hŪ news-recoveryC ]tzwNz
       news tΪ@Ũ INN ɦph^_C
   12. T{z uucp permission file \ uux h] rnews  grnewsC
       um... ioA½UhFA oӯuoO걡PA An uucp ܡH K
       @UA pGz~WeC 28.8k ܡA ڬݴNFA nAˤ
        news server FF eǤloLF@UUA pGutw.bbs.*
       ܡA @ѷ|Y@ 14.4k WeC
   13. oIDA pGSOܡA b News FAQ ̭ĳki
       |n@ǡI
    NOb /etc/syslog.conf [J

    *.=info;*.=notice;news.none   /usr/adm/messages
                     ^^^^^^^^^^
                      [Wh
    news.crit                     /var/log/news/news.crit
    news.err                      /var/log/news/news.err
    news.notice;news.info         /var/log/news/news.notice
       oTɡAnews.daily bCѰ檺ɭԡA |NY_ӡA M
       /var/log/news/OLD ̭hA w]ȬOsCѡA WrnNO
       news.err.gz.1oؼˤlA  .7 NCѫe@ log C
       ڴgݹLܦhHO /usr/adm/messages  /usr/adm/syslog 
       hAoˤlIO messages |@jA  news.daily ä|h
       Bz messages oɡA F@ѡAz]Su{iHݥάO
       hs襦A Nu⥦Ro@ӤwC iOzDˤli঳
       ǭnTNQz...FC
       um...GMO~jFA``ѪFѦ誺A z٭nQ ps  syslogd 
       pidA MQ kill -HUP pid s_ʥ~γI
   14. ק /etc/inetd.conf eC Ṋ@ nntp ⥦RI 
       Ob檺e[W@ "#" C oӥتOb Cnews ̭OQ
       inetd hť port 119 pG connect o port ܡA inetd Ns
        nntp աC O INN @kӤ@ˡA OQ innd o daemon h
       ťo port A ҥHpGo port QϥΤFA innd QAQΥ
       FC FA Q ps ax d inetd  pid A MQ kill -HUP
       pid s_ inetdC
   15. QΤUzRO_ inndA OonH root I

    /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news
       
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
   
   {bz innd Ӥwg_ʤFA ziHQ ps Oݨ쥦C pGS
   쪺ܤjOhFA  /var/log/news ݤ@U news.err  news.crit a
   I ݬݿ~TOI MNh½ NEWS FAQ part 3:Reasons why INN
   isn't startC ݬݱzpOOb FAQ̭F pGS쪺ܡA
   A½ NEWS FAQ part 5:Other error messages and what they meanC pG٬O
   SܡA Nun NEWS FAQ part 1 part 9 ݤ@FI ݬݦS
   FPApG٬OSܡA ĳzAݤ@FpGSܡA AŪ@A
   K⥦C uAڤO}A zŪFAPʤh⥦½o
   A {WN٬O۷{תtOC pGso˳٬ODA 
   ziHPNeƵz news server ޲z̡A ڬ۫HL̳|Ӫ
   zݬݪA i঳Ӧa観DA ]\oӰD|MλPze
   news server ]wC pGsL]SkѨMܡA NzD post 
   tw.bbs.netnewsA άOzn smart @U post  news.software.nntp ]
   աI L post eAQ@UA pGpUѨMDA NpUѨMaI P
   ˬODѨMFA iO tw.bbs.netnews WnX news ޲z̤]bݩO
   I ҥHӨӪDA ٷ|QhЧI t~NOLH]|ıo
   ȪA ] news SINO server P server ۳sA ѦhF@ӤO
   ܺ¾޲z̴Nڳ|ԤߡA ѴNo˳Q\F@Ul]wOI
   
   FAѰO@IAb /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news @OΨӳ]w
   innwatch O_n_ʪA default ȬO false ĳ令 true F pGzw
   true ܡA b_ innd PɡA ]|_ innwatchC  innwatch \
   NOʵ innd OOFաI ]innd ]O|A åBOW䧮
   A ӥB٬OoLnLA zDI Lܻ^ӡA pG
   n⪺ܡA ibӥiȤFաI^ pG innwatch ܡA L|HʫH
    rootC ٦NOtΪ load ӰաA άOwЪŶFA |
   innd  ]ɱzٷ|𪺷Q⥦OI SI oɭԱz
   nhվ innwatch.ctl ̭@ǰѼƭȡ^C רOwЪŶpGΥ
   A AۤUӡA znOL˪s_ innd ܡA ٯuOzy
   OC
   
   t~Oo@IA Hnק]wաA άO[Js feed site A ٬Os
   newsgroup A ϥF_ rc.news ~@P news A zn
    news h@]su news)C
   
   b}lǰeeA ziH INN FAQ Part 4: The debugging tutorial
   (setup of feeds etc.)C ðѷӤWĳA ոլݱz]wO_OT
   C pGo@z]qLFܡA A /usr/lib/news/bin/inncheck -v
   A ݬݦS~TA pG]SܡA oɭӴNiHqz
   feeder }lesDQ׸szFI
   
5. News Readers

   o̩ҿת News Readers Oxٳ\h[cb Linux WΥH\Ū newsSwn
   C Ӥ@ӻA ̮e Linux M newspak oO"tin"A"rn"
   A"trn"C
   
   򥻤WAܤ@ news reader ɡA зǤ~Oϥ²A Pe]w(
   ܦQ\ŪnewsA ÿzQ\Ū峹)C
   
   ziH]w|AaA unsDŪ{iHqAw
   INNCnewso "inews""mail"{HeHh^бiKGiC ( Ķ: p
   GzϥΪO Slackware LinuxA bwˮɤ]ܦw NtCA tδN
   |۰zTw˦n INN P C-News A zҶn@NuO
   /usr/lib/news/tools.linuxؿ INSTALL.linuxɮשһվ@ǳ]w
   ɦӤwC )
   
   UӱN|²ua news reader XӸwB`nC n
   AݡAڦܦhzѥh"nn"C
   
5.1 Tin

   Tin O@Ӭ۷AsϥΪuQצꦡsDŪ{vC i䴩Rɮ
   P NOV C覡C pGzϥΪO INN A  Tin w]Ū
   NOV.overlay ɮסA ӤgɡC
   
   pzQnb Linux ҤUsö Tin A 򥻤Wuݦb makefile ]wn
   Ҧbm ( רO inews Ҧbm ) A MJ "make linux" ROY
   iC b Linux Uާ@ news ӨA äݭnSOɤBXC
   
   ܩQצꦡ\ŪA ziHJ "tin -u"  update ɡC
   
   FTOiHϥ NNTP wӾ\Ū news A bsöL{A z]w
   "NNTP_ABLE"A oӰѼƪ]wbϥ local host ŪpU|ͦ "tin"
   F ӥH NNTP 覡Ū news ɡAh| "rtin" ɮסC J"tin -r"N
   ioPJ"rtin"ۦP\C
   
   Iain Lea ͫĳb crontab [JHUԭzA J "make daemon" 
   make "tind" C
   
        # thread the database
        35 * * * * /usenet/bin/tind -u

   ڴb SLIP wU tin  NNTP-based  newsreader ϥιLC pGz
   ҭnWtαsDsծɡA hzNܦhɶbݨtθJ
   "active"oɮסC
   
5.2 Trn/Mthreads

   trn n骺eO "rn" A Ө̶Phbe̥iHѰQצꦡ\Ū
   C trn3.2 Ϊ̧siHܨϥ "mthreads" 覡 ( trn w ) 
   O NOV 覡 ( INN ) ӰC\ŪC
   
   QnsĶnA uݰ Configure A ñҵLwȡC ٦
   NOAtΤܤ֭n lib4.4.1 M bash-1.13 ({bbܦhLinux
   archive siteswgbeat) ~Configure \C AiPɻ
   nbash1.13Mlibs4.4.1HϱosConfigureiHTC
   
   b sunsite  newspak ]tb Linux U trn ΪiHu@config ɮ
   C
   
   @ӻhק trn  config.sh ɮרäOo|ʡA DuO@ǫD
   `¦pק|HŦXAu@ʧ@C pGzQo˰ܡA ]̦n
   b"make depend"B "make"B "make install" e"Configure -S"
   C
   
   ަb Linux WH bash1.12  "configure" ѡA  "Configure -S" o
   u@ܦnA ]pGAH newspak  config.sh @@Ӱ_IA AN
   FC
   
   sĶϥ NNTP Ū trn ]uO Configure ݧAOOnh²檺^
   "yes"ӤwA ( ] Configure iH`@ ) C Ӫs]N|
   NNTP Ū config.sh ]ti -- @pb local host Ū̪ config.sh
   C
   
   ڴb SLIP wU trn  NNTP-based  newsreader ϥιLC pGz
   ҭnWtαsDsծɡA hzNܦhɶbݨtθJ
   "active"oɮסC
   
   trn ۷hROCOiѨϥΡA ziHaۨ man page oz
   ݭnTӸ`C ܩګhϥΥt@ӦKkӳ]wtrn G
   
     * ҦѼƳ]wgb  /.trnrc
     * HURO export TRNINIT=" /.trnrc"
       
   bثe newspak |@ .trnrc ɥiҤlAziHѷӬݬݡC
   
   trn3.2 ΧsiHۥѿܨϥΤ䴩 NOV  mthreads C\Ū覡
   C ]AڭӤHĳ]w trn nA Ϥخ榡i\Ū (ib
   Configure]w ) A MbҰ trn ɦAܨ䤤@بӨϥΡA ҦpG z
   iH "trn -Zo" NOV 榡F Ϊ "trn -Zt" ϥmthreads A ӥBzi
   Hb alias gJWzROA o|ϱzϥΧKC
   
   Fnإߨϥ mthreads C\ŪƮwA z|b news crontab 
   JHUԭzC
   
        # thread the trn database
        35 * * * * /usenet/bin/mthreads all

5.3 NN

   ziHb sunsite Woo@MnA B䤤]tw nn6.4.18 ɧi
   ϥΪպA (working configure file)A zuݨonA æb Linux
   UJ "make" KiۦsöA ٦NOպAɦbnn6.5b3( nn6.5  beta
    ) iϥΡC
   
   söAiUCBJG
     * -  "inst" ROHw˥FC
     * - lƸƮwC
     * -  nnmaster
       
   Ӹ`AzAŪHnnӨӪɡC Fznnmaster]w
   bcrontabӤObI檺u@(daemon)~A b Linux sö
   A ]wP nn MbL *nix tΨõLPC ~pGzէ
   nnmaster IӰA 򥦤]LkTQXʡC
   
   ]w nn O۷²檺Azuݦb crontab [JHUԭzG
        # run nnmaster to collect "nn" stuff
        # (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
        25 * * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/nnmaster

        # expire the nn database
        # (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
        0  4       * * * /usenet/sw/nn/bin/nnadmin =EYW

        # stash a copy of the active file for "nngoback" and keep last 7
        0 3 * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/back_act 7

   ڴյۦb SLIP wU nn  NNTP-based  newsreader ϥιLC bo
   رpU config.h ɮ׵yק老OnA ӱziHbɮתѤr
   oӸ`TC  nn  NNTP-based newsreader ϥήɡA nn |
   bv (local)  nnmasterO@C\ŪƮwA ]Abvݿ
   ܤ峹ʧ@|Lnֳ\hC ( MApGzOϥ modem W silp A
   @ǦXzݮɶOLiקKC )
   
   s nn (6.5.x) M]䴩 INN  NOV Ʈw榡A BzϥΦ\
   A zNiH nnmaster FA ڭӤHjP˨ϥΦ\A ]pz
   NiHήO cpu ɶh nnmaster PoC\ŪƮwA 
   u news 峹b\UhODPBoC
   
5.4 LsDŪ{

   UCO@ǥib Linux UϥΡAΪ newsreaderC
     * tass
     * xrn
     * gnus
       
6. P

   P¥HUҦCU̡ͭA L̴gѳ\h_QTPgA Ug
   峹C
   
   Ed Carp, Steve Robbins, Ian Taylor, Greg Naber, Matt Welsh, Iain Lea,
   Arjan de Vet
   
   pG٧ѤF֡AڹDpI
   
7.  USENET g`Q߰ݪD

7.1 ڤb moderated sDsձiKGi

   bǳƱiKɡA z newsreader |Ұ /bin/mail ӻelA pGz
   mail {L¡A  newsreader iण|@ʦӾɭP@GC
   pGOo˪ܡA ѨMDNO󴫸sϥΡA Ҧps Slackware
    mailx-5.5.tar.zA BziH Slackware pkgtool ROӦw˨ó]
   wC
   
   t@ӥiʫhOMbztΤ@ newsgroup OwSި
   (moderator)A beztΪWoN newsgroup wҺިA
   ]\z峹bި ( @tγnA äO@ӯuH) BNQR
   FC ziHb news.admin eF󤧫A  checkgroup RO
   ӽT{C
   
7.2 ڷ|P permission DH

   ]ӴN :-)
   
   ˬdz permission O_TF ˬdbzO_b /etc/passwd wq@ӥs
   news ϥΪ̡F O_b /etc/group w@ӥs news sաA Wzwq
   äO Linux зǱbA ҥHzۦ`NC
   
   F /usr/local/lib/news/setnewside  uid O root ~A Ҧb
   /usr/local/lib/news lؿUɮת֦ (uid) Mݸs (gid) 
   O news ( Y news.news) C
   
   ziHΥƭȧ@ "news"  UID P GIDC
   
   ( Ķ: bz install Slackware ɡA tη|۰zw@ GIDP UID A
   @ӻASSzѡA ܤ֦J|hקoǤwȡC)
   
7.3 ڱiKGibaiHݱoA ObeUoSX{H

   ]\O]zb cron ]w newsrun {F ]\]zۦʭק
   tɮסA HPtζñF ]\OzֱF /usr/spool/news/out.goingo
   lؿάO򪺡A Ϊ̦izҨoO "Performance"  "Cleanup" 
    cnews A ӥݭnb cron ]w newsrun Ӱ妸BzA e
   news ܨLxA άObwܤC
   
   dUnդʥhק[J active ɮשΨtɮסA TkOϥΦb
   /usr/local/lib/news/bin/maint Uε{ӧoǰʧ@C
   
7.4 ڪi檩S nntp H

   Fnb Linux tΤU䴩 plug-n-play A åBקK SLS  news tΦ]n
   Pɨ㦳 nntp M non-nntp  newsreader Pǿ{ (news transport
   programs) ӾɭPӨtΪLjC
   
7.5 b expire ɡA٦ܦhxsŶAiOMiDڻuŶv
OH

   ]tŪ /etc/mtab ɡC Ooɪ mode w 644 C oرp`
   |oͦbzHrooth umount@filesystem(umask)A oөRO|ɭP
   ݩ root ɮ׵LkQLϥΪŪӲͦ~C ( Ķ: {bt@ӳ
   `oͪphO inode ƤA ĳѨMDOb[ctήɿܸh
   inode A p 1024bytes/inode C רO /var/spool/news/tw/bbs
   A*sign*)
   
7.6 C˳ݰ_ӫܥ`AiOoiKGiOH

   nª Linux b˳] cnews ɳܮe@D (blow up) C רO
   zb@ª SLS W˳]ɡA z@wnˬd /bin M/usr/bin A T{z
   u@M̷s news C
   
   ]b 1993 ~G "Performance Release" HeA zbcron 
   gʦaҰ newsrunHYǵ{ǡC ӳoOܦhH``DC
   
7.7 ڥiHNs news overview( NOV) i trn/tin/nn AHNUؤPƮw
ܡH

   OAtrn, tin  nn  beta {bwg䴩o\FC
   
   ziHs news overview(NOV) J "Performance Release" "Cleanup
   Release" cnews A άOLsDŪ{C ڲ{bW nn6.5
   beta ]䴩 NOV 榡A ӥBb Linux U]u@ܦnA {biHQ
   ӵLA] nnmaster C ziHb uniwa.uwa.edu.au oӪ nn C
   
7.8 Si檩 NNTP H

   ]zwq\hbvݨtΩҿWTA ӳoǳ]wOLkbɥѵ{
   ۰z]wC pGAnoبơA ХINNӤnCnews [ NNTPC
   
7.9 p]w NNTPAiH\zLhŪαiKGiAӦbanxs󪺤峹
OƮwH

   ( mdw@sunsite.unc.edu (Matt Welsh) )
     * 1) onntp "reference implementation" M rnn ziH
       ftp.uu.net:/networking/news/nntpUo nntp.1.5.11.tar.Z
     * 2) sö nntp pU:
        common/conf.h.dist  common/conf.hC
       ק common/conf.h H]wUCѼ: HUکҳ]w:
       DOMAIN: wq(NONאּ #undef DOMAIN).
       REALDOMAIN: wqA|QlibrariesjMdomainC
       SERVER_FILE: ]wwqz news A ( NOzŪζK news @
       xD ) DW (hostname) ɮצW١AڨϥΪ|W MɮצW
       "/usr/local/lib/news/server"
       PASSFILE: pGznewsAݭnQv(Yusername/password) ~
       iKGiA⦹ѼƳ]tusername/password ɮסAڨϥ
       |WMɮצW "/usr/local/lib/news/nntppass" C
       pGzMwnҦ news ɮ׸m /usr/local/liib/newsؿU
       A NLݭnw|W٪a(ACTIVE_FILE, NEWSGROUPS_FILE...
       etc) w /usr/local/lib/news C o䤤ܦhO]w NNTP
       server Ϊ ( D client) AFwpA ڧ⥦̥ܫVT
       mAz MiHϥΤw|WALnTwzӹlؿ
       C
       3) إߤ@ӨϥΪ̥s "usenet" C inews n|ݭnHo userӰ
       C Lz]uݭno@ userid Azݭnt userid plؿ
       (homedirectory) άOLFC bAҦzݧ@NOb
       /etc/passwd ɮפU[JUCo@
                                usenet:*:13:1::/:
       Twz userid Oߤ@ ( WzO 13) C group iHwOL F
       Abo̧کw "daemon"(gid 1) C
     * 4) إߤWzSERVER_FILEAҦpڪnewsAW٬
       "wonton.tc.cornell.edu" A ڴNb
       /usr/local/lib/news/server [JU:
                 wonton.tc.cornell.edu
     * 5) إPASSFILEC榡pU:
                <server name> <username> <password>
       A|һApGznewsAW٬ shoop.vpizza.comA Ӧb
       WiKGiݭnQv news(password=floof)~iHA zN
       b /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass U[J:
                shoop.vpizza.com news floof
     * 6) inews OH "usenet"  id b檺AҥHFw news  
       M nntppass ɮ׵Ҧ̩wO usenet C
        chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news
        chmod 755 /usr/local/lib/news
        chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass
        chmod 600 /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass
       pGo˧@ANSHŪoɮפF?!bɮפKXåQsK
       C
     * 7) ^ nntp1.5.11 ؿAUF "make client" ROA MzNi
       Ho NNTP  inewsAoO NNTP client WiϥΪߤ@nC 
        inews ɡAڵo{禡w@ӿ~|ϱob uname.c 禡
       uname() |aۤvIsۤwCpGzo{z inews ݰ_ӦnF
       ABztΩaܺCAz̦ns@U uname.c ɡA  uname()
       令 my_uname() WrA åB inews.c Is]令
       my_uname() C pGz]Jp˪D ܡAбzH@ mail 
       (Matt) C
     * 8) UFRO "make install_client" Co˦w inews ɮרzt
       C åBs/usr/local/lib/news/inews /usr/local/bin/inews M
       zӴNiH}liKGiF()AziHոդUz:
                $ inews -h << EOF
                Newsgroups: misc.test
                From: me@foo.bar.com
                Subject: Testing
                Reply-To: my-real-address@wherever.edu

                This is a test.
                EOF
       pG\A inews |峹KWCӥBz|DA ] misc.test
       test-responders |^HWz Reply-To }C ФnbLO
       WiKժ峹(ҦpAmerican On Line)C

References

   1. mailto:vince@halcyon.com
   2. mailto:smhu@ish.chna.edu.tw
